照片在越南山区的乡村拍摄,我曾经在越南工作,也曾经在乡村地区拍摄,越南的旅游业蓬勃,游客能够到达的乡村地区,一般上村民遇到游客或摄影师要求拍摄时,可以有以下几种表现:
- 抗拒,在旅游乡区抗拒镜头的村民还是存在的,抗拒金钱的则比较少。
- 欢迎,蓬勃的旅游区很常见,欢迎游客或摄影师拍照,会摆出各种生活造型,当然会要求费用,有的是事先说明,有的是先斩后奏,不给就死缠烂打。
- 专业,摸特儿事先准备配合场地的服装,比如说展现修长身材的越南服饰,担着担架漫步于沙漠、梯田、盐田等等。这些都是由专业团队安排,更专业的服務团队是摸特儿都配予对讲机,跟着指示摆动作,然而过于干净的"工作服"往往是破绽。
- 随性,无所事事时配合几张,例如在家门口看顾孩子时,偶尔客串几张赚点外快,日子久了,演技可以很到位。
『Mother’s Hope』即是一张人文作品,那就谈谈人文纪实摄影。人文纪实摄影在“与现场一样”和“没有扭曲”的要求很高,光线、色温、颜色都必须尽可能一模一样,这点很难达到要求,如果涉及新闻纪实这一块的话,这点必须尽量满足。
如果捌开新闻,只要求人文纪实的话,光线、色温、颜色可以稍为妥协,不过人物的表情、动作都必须自然流畅;服饰、装扮则必须原态的,不可以有丝毫指定、要求、修饰。摄影师必须长时间观察,找出最有代表性的瞬间,按下快门补捉画面,所谓的长时间,短则几个小时,长则几天甚至更久。
如果捌开纪实,纯碎是人文的话,那就简单多了。人物可以是本来就是当地的,或找摩特儿来模仿,服装可以美感为中心,整体画面可以唯美为中心,可以打灯光、放烟雾,气氛可以营造,视摄影师对画面接近现实几成的要求而定,这接近现实几成又是引发伪人文的危机。
伪人文,有问题吗?从艺术角度看,完全没有问题,拍得好就是神级作品,更能够呈现新闻纪实以及人文纪实无法呈现的美观。得奖有问题吗?只要不是新闻纪实就没问题,许多得奖电影都是纯属虚构的,摄影也可以这样。
那问题出在那里呢?先捌开『Mother’s Hope』,看看时下的摄影风气,审美以唯美角度为标准,大家为了唯美竞相摆拍、后制,纷纷往比赛贏奖的方面出发,摄影是记录的原意荡然无存。
有解决方案吗?電影有纯属虚构,也有Based on true story,没有人会觉得虚构的电影拿奖有问题,只要不是记录片级别奖项。摄影有这样作为级别吗?如果有纪实摄影和非纪实摄影之分,这对摄影是记录的原意会有所提升或鼓吹,但目前的情况不是这样。也许有人会挑战纪实摄影与非纪实摄影的级别早已存在,那你能够分清楚两者的界线吗?如果界线分明就不会有今天的局面,如果界线分明为什么有人介意自己的摆拍作品是摆拍出来的?而不在摆拍的作品注明摆拍。電影会注明虚构或Based on true story,而Based on true story往往是光环,也许摆拍作品只要不注明摆拍就会有同样的光环。
虚构的画面在非纪实摄影级别得奖根本不是问题,『Mother’s Hope』得奖亦然,问题在于摄影师本身介意虚构的画面。摄影师在作品引发议论后澄清作品非摆拍,也许当拍摄时摄影师也不知道人物是驾轻就熟地胜任,可是后来传出的照片显示同一场景是摄影团的热点,人物明显对摆拍胜任有余,何不大方接受作品存有摆拍成份,除非摄影师本身也觉得摆拍不应得奖。
从上言论也许被诠释为酸民,也许被当作网絡判官,如果这有助于促进纪实摄影与非纪实摄影两者的界线分明,那我就客串当酸民网絡判官吧!
最后,真诚恭喜Edwin Ong Wee Kee得奖,并为国争光,摆拍是艺术,注明摆拍又何妨?Based on true story的光环就留给追求人文纪实的摄影师吧!
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